こうしょう

I

[口承] ¶→口承文芸

II

[公称] *official

/əfíʃl/ 【S】公式の， 正式の

nominal

名ばかりの， 名目だけの∥ nominal and real prices 公称値段と実際の値段.

III

[公証] ¶→公証人

IV

[公傷] occupational injury 【U】【C】職業上のけが.

V

[交渉] ①［掛け合うこと］

〔話し合い， 談判， 折衝〕

*negotiation

【U】【C】［しばしば ～s］ (条約・商談などの)交渉， 話し合い， 折衝， 談判∥ the product of long negotiation ［a long negotiation， long negotiations］ 長い交渉の成果 / They entered into ［opened， began］ negotiations with the enemy for a treaty of peace. 彼らは敵国と和平条約の交渉を開始した / under negotiation 交渉中で / The negotiation deadlocked over the oil price. 石油価格をめぐって交渉は行き詰った.

*treaty

【U】《正式》(個人間の)交渉∥ be in treaty with him for ... 彼と…のことで交渉中である.

overture

【C】《正式》［通例 ～s］〔…の/人への〕予備交渉， 打診， 申入れ〔of， for/to〕∥ make overtures of ［for］ peace ＝make peace overtures 和平の予備交渉をする.

▲be open to (an) offer ［offers］ 買い手と値段の交渉に応じる.

¶→団体交渉

②［かかわり］

〔関係， つきあい， つながり〕

*relation

［～s；複数扱い］〔人・団体との/…の間の〕関係， 交渉， 取引関係〔with/between〕《◆ relationship より形式ばった関係》.

**touch

/tʌ́tʃ/ 【U】連絡， 交渉.

▲have sex with her 彼女と性交渉をもつ《◆ make love to her ともいう. 遠回し表現は sleep with her など》 / have to do with O (事)と関係がある， …を扱う(人)と交渉がある.

◇→交渉する

VI

[考証] ¶→考証批評

¶→時代考証

VII

[哄笑] loud laughter

【U】

Homeric laughter

【U】高笑い， 哄笑.

VIII

[校章] school badge

【C】.

IX

[鉱床] *deposit

【C】(鉱石・石油などの)鉱床∥ mineral deposits 鉱床

*mine

【C】鉱脈， 鉱床.

黄梢
spring of yellow buds
交渉
negotiations
discussions
connection
公娼
licensed prostitution
registered prostitute
公称
public name
announcing publicly
公証
authentication
notarization
厚相
Welfare Minister
口承
passing on by word of mouth
oral tradition
好尚
taste
fancy
fashion
工匠
artisan
mechanic
校章
school badge
考証
(historical) investigation
鉱床
ore deposit
高尚
high
noble
refined
advanced
哄笑
loud laughter

* * *

I

こうしょう【交渉】

①［掛け合うこと］

〔話し合い， 談判， 折衝〕

*negotiation

〖U〗〖C〗［しばしば ～s］ (条約・商談などの)交渉， 話し合い， 折衝， 談判

the product of long negotiation ［a long negotiation， long negotiations］ 長い交渉の成果

They entered into ［opened， began］ negotiations with the enemy for a treaty of peace. 彼らは敵国と和平条約の交渉を開始した

under negotiation 交渉中で

The negotiation deadlocked over the oil price. 石油価格をめぐって交渉は行き詰った.

*treaty

〖U〗《正式》(個人間の)交渉

be in treaty with him for... 彼と…のことで交渉中である.

overture

〖C〗《正式》［通例 ～s］〔…の/人への〕予備交渉， 打診， 申入れ〔of， for/to〕

make overtures of ［for］ peace ＝make peace overtures 和平の予備交渉をする.

▲be open to (an) offer ［offers］ 買い手と値段の交渉に応じる.

¶ → 団体交渉

②［かかわり］

〔関係， つきあい， つながり〕

*relation

［～s；複数扱い］〔人・団体との/…の間の〕関係， 交渉， 取引関係〔with/between〕《◆ relationship より形式ばった関係》.

**touch

/tʌ́tʃ/ 〖U〗連絡， 交渉.

▲have sex with her 彼女と性交渉をもつ《◆ make love to her ともいう. 遠回し表現は sleep with her など》

have to do with O (事)と関係がある， …を扱う(人)と交渉がある.

◇ → 交渉する

II

こうしょう【公傷】

occupational injury 〖U〗〖C〗職業上のけが.

III

こうしょう【公称】

*official

/əfíʃl/ 〖S〗公式の， 正式の

nominal

名ばかりの， 名目だけの

nominal and real prices 公称値段と実際の値段.

IV

こうしょう【公証】

¶ → 公証人

V

こうしょう【口承】

¶ → 口承文芸

VI

こうしょう【哄笑】

loud laughter

〖U〗

Homeric laughter

〖U〗高笑い， 哄笑.

VII

こうしょう【校章】

school badge

〖C〗.

VIII

こうしょう【考証】

¶ → 考証批評

¶ → 時代考証

IX

こうしょう【鉱床】

*deposit

〖C〗(鉱石・石油などの)鉱床

mineral deposits 鉱床

*mine

〖C〗鉱脈， 鉱床.

* * *

I

こうしょう【口承】

(an) oral tradition. [⇒でんしょう¹]

●口承で伝える hand down 《a myth》 orally [by word of mouth] (from generation to generation).

口承文学[文芸] (an) oral literature; literature passed on [handed down] by word of mouth; 〔民間伝承〕 folklore.

II

こうしょう【口証】

verbal evidence; oral testimony [evidence]; an oral [a verbal] deposition.

III

こうしょう【口誦】

recitation; reading aloud.

口誦文芸 literature for (public) recitation.

IV

こうしょう【工匠】

an artisan; a craftsman.

V

こうしょう【工廠】

〔旧日本軍の武器弾薬製造工場〕 an arsenal.

海軍工廠 a naval arsenal.

VI

こうしょう【公称】

●公称の nominal; official; claimed; declared.

公称応力 【機】 a nominal stress.

公称価格 a nominal price.

公称資本 nominal capital.

公称寸法 a nominal dimension.

公称電圧 a nominal voltage.

公称能力 an authorized capacity.

公称馬力 a nominal horsepower (略: NHP).

公称(発行)部数 〔雑誌･新聞などの〕 an official [a declared] circulation.

●公称(発行)部数 10 万部の雑誌 a magazine with a declared circulation of 100,000.

VII

こうしょう【公娼】

〔制度〕 licensed prostitution; 〔娼婦〕 a licensed [registered] prostitute.

公娼制度 state-regulated prostitution.

公娼廃止運動 a campaign against [for the abolition of] licensed prostitution.

VIII

こうしょう【公証】

(an) authentication (by a notary public); (a) notarization.

～する authenticate; attest; 【法】 exemplify; 〔公証人として認証する〕 notarize.

公証手続き

●参加支払い公証手続き 【手形】 a notarial act of honor

・公証手続きをする resort [appeal] to a notarial act.

公証人 ⇒こうしょうにん.

公証役場 the office(s) of a notary public.

公証料 notarial fees [charges].

IX

こうしょう【公傷】

(an) injury sustained [incurred, inflicted] while on duty; an occupational accident; a job [work] injury.

●彼の骨折は公傷と認定された. His fracture was officially accepted as having been incurred while doing his job [at work].

X

こうしょう【交渉】

1 〔掛け合うこと〕 negotiation(s); talks; bargaining; a parley; an overture; 〔話し合い〕 discussion(s); conversation(s).

～する 〔掛け合う〕 negotiate; bargain; parley; 〔話し合う〕 discuss; have discussions 《with…》; talk 《with…》; have talks 《with…》.

●直接交渉する negotiate directly 《with sb》; have direct negotiations 《with sb》

・粘り強く交渉する negotiate tenaciously 《with sb, about sth》; engage in tough bargaining 《with sb, about sth》.

●非公開[秘密]の交渉 closed-door [secret] negotiations [bargaining].

●交渉中である 〈事が主語〉 be under negotiation; be being negotiated; 〈人が主語〉 be negotiating; be bargaining; be in negotiations 《with…》

・その件は経営側と目下交渉中だ. That issue is currently being negotiated with the management. | We are currently negotiating [bargaining] with the management about that business.

・賃上げの交渉中だ. We are in the middle of negotiations [bargaining] about an increase in salaries [wages]. | We are negotiating an increase in wages.

・組合側は給与体系改訂を求めて経営側と鋭意交渉中だ. The union is bargaining hard with management for changes to the pay structure. | The union is negotiating keenly with management to get changes made to the pay structure.

●軍縮交渉が決裂した. The arms (control) talks [negotiations on disarmament] broke down [collapsed].

・立ち退き交渉が長引いている. Bargaining over the moving out of the inhabitants is going on and on. | There has been protracted [prolonged] bargaining over the future of the residents.

・長年続いていた交渉がやっとまとまった. The negotiations, which have continued many years, have at last ended in (an) agreement. | After negotiations lasting many years, agreement has at last been reached [the parties have at last come to (an) agreement].

●(…のための)準備[予備]交渉で in preparatory negotiations (for sth, to do).

●交渉に入る enter into negotiations 《with…》

・交渉に持ち込む bring 《the issue》 to the negotiation table

・交渉による解決[協定] a negotiated solution [agreement]

・アメリカは交渉に応じる姿勢を見せた. America demonstrated [showed, evidenced] (a) willingness to negotiate.

・ついに社長みずから交渉に乗り出した. Finally the president himself got involved in [came into] the negotiations.

・現在わが社のシンガポール支店が交渉に当たっている. Our Singapore branch is now in charge of the negotiations. | Negotiations are currently being conducted through our Singapore branch.

●交渉の席[テーブル]につく sit down at the bargaining table; get down to [start] negotiations; come to the conference table

・交渉の代表者 a person negotiating on sb's behalf; a (negotiating) delegate [representative]

・交渉の場で during negotiations; when (the) negotiations take place; at [over] the negotiating [bargaining] table

・交渉の決裂 a breakdown [rupture] in negotiations

・交渉の妥結 a negotiated settlement; an agreement

・交渉の段階にある be at [have reached] the negotiating stage [the stage of negotiations]

・交渉の場に出る appear at the negotiating table

・…を交渉の席につかせる bring…to the bargaining table

・まだ交渉の余地がある. There is still room for negotiation.

・交渉の余地のない一方的な通告 a one-sided announcement which leaves no room for negotiation

・関税問題は今回の交渉の対象になる[ならない]. The question of trade tariffs will [will not] be a subject for these negotiations [on this negotiating agenda]. | These negotiations will [will not] cover the question of trade tariffs.

●交渉を開始する start [open, enter into] negotiations 《with Russia about fishing rights》

・交渉を継続する continue negotiations; continue [go on] negotiating [bargaining]

・交渉を進める go on [get on, 《文》 proceed] with the negotiations

・交渉を決裂させる cause negotiations to collapse [break down]; 〈事が主語〉 lead to a collapse [rupture] in negotiations

・交渉を中断する interrupt [discontinue] negotiations

・交渉を打ち切る break off negotiations 《with…》

・交渉をまとめる reach [negotiate] (an) agreement 《with…》; bring negotiations 《with…》 to a successful conclusion; 《口》 wrap [button] up negotiations 《with…》

・…購入[借用]の交渉をする negotiate for the purchase [loan] of…; negotiate to buy [borrow]…

・その事件に関して政府はロシアから交渉を持ちかけられた. The Government was approached by Russia over [about, on] the matter.

●あの会社との交渉はうまく行きそうだ. It looks as though negotiations with that company are going to be successful [be a success, come off].

・時短交渉は実を結んだ. We have reached [negotiated, come to] an agreement on shorter working hours.

・交渉は円満に進行している. The negotiations are proceeding [progressing] smoothly [amicably]. | Negotiations are making good progress.

・交渉は物別れに終わった. The negotiations failed (to reach agreement) [fell through]. | The negotiators were unable to reach a compromise.

2 〔関わり合い〕 relations; a relationship; (a) connection; concern; dealings.

●…と交渉がある have connections [contact, dealings] with…; have something to do with…

・…と交渉がない have no connection [contact, dealings] with…; have nothing to do with…

・交渉が途切れる relations break down; a relationship breaks down; 〈人が主語〉 break off a relationship 《with…》; stop seeing sb.

●交渉を断つ break off relations [a relationship]; stop seeing 《sb》

・男[女]と交渉をもつ have relations [a relationship] with a man [woman].

延長交渉 extended [prolonged] negotiations.

婚前交渉 premarital sex [relations].

下交渉 preliminary [preparatory] talks [negotiations]; 《口》 talks about talks.

性交渉 a sexual relationship; sexual relations.

団体交渉 collective bargaining.

直接交渉 direct negotiations.

賃上げ交渉 wage-increase negotiations; bargaining over a wage raise.

日米貿易交渉 negotiations [talks] on trade between Japan and America.

賠償交渉 compensation [reparations] negotiations.

没交渉 ⇒ぼっこうしょう.

予備交渉 preliminary negotiations [talks, discussion(s)].

交渉相手 a negotiating partner; one's counterpart in negotiations; the other side; the opposition.

●手強い交渉相手だ. He's a tough negotiator [man to negotiate with]. | He's a formidable opponent in negotiations.

交渉委員 a negotiating committeeman.

●交渉委員会 the negotiating committee.

交渉員 a negotiator; a representative; 【労】 〔労組の〕 《米》 a business agent.

交渉機関[団] a negotiating body [team].

交渉権 negotiating rights.

・優先交渉権 ⇒ゆうせん.

交渉事(_ごと)

●交渉事は苦手です. I'm no good at bargaining.

交渉材料 a bargaining chip.

●核問題を交渉材料として米国から経済援助を引き出そうとする attempt to gain economic assistance from the US by using the nuclear issue as a bargaining chip.

交渉単位 【労】 a bargaining unit.

交渉団体 〔国会の〕 ＝院内交渉団体 ⇒いんない.

交渉(の)窓口 a negotiations contact; a contact for starting negotiations.

交渉力 bargaining strength [power].

XI

こうしょう【交誦】

【カトリック】 an antiphon.

XII

こうしょう【好尚】

〔好み〕 (a) taste 《for…》; (a) fancy 《for…》.

●時代の好尚 the (public) taste of the period; 《be》 the fashion; what (ordinary) people like (at the time).

XIII

こうしょう【考証】

inquiry into historical evidence; study of historical artefacts.

～する study [ascertain] historical evidence.

●この絵の人物の服装には考証上の誤りがある. The dress [costume] of the figure in this picture is wrong from the historical point of view. | The people in the picture are wrongly dressed for the period.

・この劇の考証は彼が担当した. He was in charge of checking that everything in the play was appropriate for the period [ensuring historical verisimilitude for the production].

時代考証 checking [investigating] the historical background; research to ensure historical verisimilitude.

考証学 the study of historical artefacts (and documents).

XIV

こうしょう【行賞】

the conferment of rewards for services rendered; distribution of honors. [⇒ろんこうこうしょう]

XV

こうしょう【厚相】

＝こうせいだいじん.

XVI

こうしょう【咬傷】

(a wound from) a bite.

ヘビ咬傷 a snake bite.

XVII

こうしょう【哄笑】

loud laughter; a loud laugh; a roar of laughter; raucous laughter; 《give》 a loud guffaw; ho-ho.

～する laugh loudly; roar with laughter; burst out laughing.

●彼の冗談に一同腹をかかえて哄笑した. His jokes made everybody roar with laughter.

●うつろな哄笑 a loud, hollow laugh.

XVIII

こうしょう【後檣】

【海】 a mizzenmast; a miz(z)en.

後檣索具 miz(z)en rigging.

後檣帆げた a miz(z)en yard.

後檣楼 a miz(z)en top.

XIX

こうしょう【校章】

〔紋様〕 a school emblem; the emblem of a school; 〔徽章〕 a school badge [insignia, 《米》 pin].

XX

こうしょう【高尚】

～な 〔(上品で)学問･言行などの程度が高い〕 advanced; intellectual; sophisticated; of (a) high tone; 《口》 high-brow; 〔上品な〕 refined; elevated; elegant; graceful.

●高尚な人 a noble soul [mind]; a sophisticated person; an intellectual; 《口》 a highbrow

・高尚な目的 lofty aims [objectives, purposes]

・高尚な趣味 elegant [cultivated] tastes; sophisticated [《口》 highbrow] tastes

・高尚な趣味を持つことはぜいたくな暮らしをすることではない. Having elegant taste does not mean living in elegance.

・高尚な文学 refined [elegant] literature; sophisticated [《口》 high-brow] literature

・高尚な文体 a refined [an elegant] style; an intellectual [《口》 a highbrow] style

・高尚な雑誌 a high-toned [《口》 highbrow] magazine

・高尚な話題 an intellectual [《口》 a highbrow] topic; a lofty topic [problem, question]; a problem for intellectuals; the sort of problem that intellectuals like to talk about

・高尚にする improve oneself [one's mind, sb's mind]; adopt a higher [more intellectual, 《口》 a more high-brow] tone; raise the tone 《of a conversation》; refine 《one's tastes》; polish 《one's [sb's] style》; make 《a topic》 more intellectual [sophisticated, 《口》 highbrow]

・高尚ぶる put on [assume] lofty [《口》 highbrow] airs; 《口》 come the intellectual.

●彼の言うことは高尚すぎて一般大衆にはわからない. He speaks over ordinary people's heads. | His language is too sophisticated [intellectual, high-toned, high-brow] for ordinary people to understand.

・その書物は内容が非常に高尚である. It is an extremely learned [sophisticated, 《口》 high-brow] book.

XXI

こうしょう【高商】

〔旧制の高等商業学校〕 a higher commercial school; a commercial college.

XXII

こうしょう【高唱】

～する sing 《a song》 loudly.

XXIII

こうしょう【硬焼】

【化】 dead burning.

XXIV

こうしょう【鉱床】

【鉱】 a [an ore] deposit; a mineral deposit.